This work brings double-digit or double-layer algebraic magic squares of odd orders from 5 to 19 for reduced entries. This study include three types of algebraic magic squares, i.e., cyclic-type, flat-type and corner-type. Cyclic-type and Flat-type are two different ways of writing as double-digit magic squares. Sometimes, these algebraic magic squares, we call as self-made, because they are complete in themselves. Just choose the entries and magic sum, we always get a magic square. In this work we use always magic rectangles of width 2 except in the middle or corner, where there is a magic square of order 3 or 5. The idea of double-digit and cornered magic squares for sequential entries is already studied by the authors. For details see the reference list given at the end.

We know that magic sum of a magic square of order n having 1 to n2 number of entries is given by

Snxn:= n*(1+n2)/2

By algebraic magic squares we understand that the entries are vaiables and their combinations. Thus, instead of squential entries, we have non-sequential entries. These can be positive, negative or decimal numbers.

Whole work is also available at the following link:

Inder J. Taneja, Algebraic Double-Digit and Cornered Magic Squares of Odd Orders from 5 to 19, Zenodo, December 08, 2025, pp. 1-46, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17859037.

Below are few examples of magic squares of odd orders fro 5 to 19

It is an algebraic cornered magic square of order 5, where there is a magic square of order 3 at the upper-left corner. There are two magic rectangles of order 2×5 and 2×3. The magic sum of order 5 is given as S5×5 := 5*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In order to avoid decimal entries the the magic sum of order 3,i.e., S should be multiple of 3. m:=2*S/3 is the width of the magic rectangle. See below few examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 :=30, S5×5 :=45 and m:=18.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 :=33, S5×5 :=55 and m:=22.

Below are three types of striped algebraic magic squares of order 7.

It is an algebraic magic square of order 7 composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×5 and embedded with a magic square of order 3. Since the external four strips are of equal sums, we can name it is as an algebraic cyclic-type magic square of order 7. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S and S7×7:=7*S/3, where S is the magic sum of magic square of order 3. In order to avoid decimal entries the the magic sum of order 3 should be multiple of 3. The width of magic rectangles is given as m:=2*S/3. See below few examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 :=21, S7×7 :=49 and m:=14.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 :=24, S7×7 :=56 and m:=16.

It is an algebraic magic square of order 7 composed of twor equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×7 and two equal sum magic rectangles of order 2×3 embedded with a magic square of order 3. For simplicity, this types of magic sequares we call as flat-type. Thus we have an algebraic flat-type magic square of order 7 In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S and S7×7:=7*S/3, where S is the magic sum of magic square of order 3. In order to avoid decimal entries the the magic sum of order 3 should be multiple of 3. The width of magic rectangles is given as m:=2*S/3. See below few examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 :=57, S7×7 :=133 and m:=38.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 :=60, S7×7 :=140 and m:=40.

It is an algebraic cornered magic square of order 7, where the magic squares of orders 3 and 5 are at the upper-left corner. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:= S, S5×5:=5*S/3 and S7×7:=7*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. The magic rectanges are of orders 2×3, 2×5 and 2×7. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 :=51, S5×5 :=85, S7×7 :=119 and m:=34.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 :=63, S5×5 :=105, S7×7 :=147 and m:=42.

Below are three types of algebraic striped magic squares of order 9.

It is an algebraic cyclic-type magic square of order 9 composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×7 embedded with a magic square of order 5. In this case the magic sums are S5×5:=S and S9×9:=9*S/5, where S is the magic sum of order 5. In this case, m:=2*S/5 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 5 should be multiple of 5. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S5×5 :=45, S9×9 :=81 and m:=18.
In the second example the magic sums are S5×5 :=50, S9×9 :=90 and m:=20.

It is an algebraic flat-type magic square of order 9 composed of two equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×9 and two equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×5 embedded with a magic square of order 5. In this case the magic sums are S5×5:=S and S9×9:=9*S/5, where S is the magic sum of order 5. In this case, m:=2*S/5 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 5 should be multiple of 5. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S5×5 :=85, S9×9 :=153 and m:=34.
In the second example the magic sums are S5×5 :=105, S9×9 :=189 and m:=42.

It is an algebraic cornered striped magic square of order 9, where the magic squares of order 3, 5 and 7 are at the upper-left corner. The magic squares of orders 5 and 7 are also an algebraic cornered magic squares In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S5×5:=5*S/3, S7×7:=7*S/3 and S9×9:=3*S, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 := 39, S5×5 := 65, S7×7:=91. S9×9 :=117 and m:=26.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 := 42, S5×5 := 70, S7×7:=98, S9×9 :=126 and m:=28.

Below are three types of algebraic striped magic squares of order 11.

It is an algebraic cyclic-type magic square of order 11 composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×9 embedded with a magic square of order 7. It is again composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×5 having a magic square of order 3 in the middle. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S7×7:=7*S/3 and S11×11:=11*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 := 33, S7×7:=77. S11×11 :=121 and m:=22.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 := 39, S7×7:=91, S11×11 :=143 and m:=26.

It is an algebraic flat-type magic square of order 11 composed of two equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×11 and two equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×7 embedded again with a flat-type magic square of order 7. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S7×7:=7*S/3 and S11×11:=11*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 := 48, S7×7:=112. S11×11 :=176 and m:=32.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 := 51, S7×7:=119, S11×11 :=187 and m:=34.

It is an algebraic cornered striped magic square of order 11, where the magic squares of order 3, 5, 7 and 9 are at the upper-left corner. The magic squares of orders 5, 7 and 9 are also algebraic cornered magic squares In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S5×5:=5*S/3, S7×7:=7*S/3, S9×9:=3*S and S11×11:=11*S/3 where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3:=54, S5×5:= 90, S7×7:=126, S9×9:=162, S11×11:=198 and m:=36.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3:=57, S5×5:= 95 S7×7:=133, S9×9:=171, S11×11:=209 and m:=38.

Below are three types of algebraic striped magic squares of order 13.

It is an algebraic cyclic-type magic square of order 13 composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×11 embedded with a magic square of order 9. It is again composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×7 having a magic square of order 5 in the middle. In this case the magic sums are S5×5:=S, S9×9:=9*S/5 and S13×13:=13*S/5, where S is the magic sum of order 5. In this case, m:=2*S/5 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 5 should be multiple of 5. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S5×5:=65, S9×9:=117, S13×13:=169 and m:=26.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 := 70, S9×9:=126, S13×13 :=182 and m:=28.

It is an algebraic flat-type magic square of order 13 composed of two equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×13 and two equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×9 embedded again with a flat-type magic square of order 9. It is avgain a algebraic flat-type magic square of order 9 embedded with a magic square of order 5. In this case the magic sums are S5×5:=S, S9×9:=9*S/5 and S13×13:=13*S/5, where S is the magic sum of order 5. In this case, m:=2*S/5 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 5 should be multiple of 5. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S5×5:=75, S9×9:=135, S13×13:=195 and m:=30.
In the second example the magic sums are S5×5 := 85, S9×9:=153 S13×13 :=221 and m:=34.

It is an algebraic cornered striped magic square of order 13, where the magic squares of order 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are at the upper-left corner. The magic squares of orders 5, 7, 9 and 11 are also algebraic cornered magic squares In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S5×5:=5*S/3, S7×7:=7*S/3, S9×9:=3*S, S11×11:=11*S/3 and S13×13:=13*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3:=72, S5×5:= 120, S7×7:=168, S9×9:=216, S11×11:=264, S13×13:=312 and m:=48.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3:=63, S5×5:= 105 S7×7:=147, S9×9:=189, S11×11:=231, S13×13:=273 and m:=42.

Below are three types of algebraic striped magic squares of order 15.

It is an algebraic cyclic-type magic square of order 15 composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×13 embedded with a magic square of order 11. It is again composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×9 and so on having a magic square of order 3 in the middle. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S7×7:=7*S/3, S11×11:=11*S/3 and S15×15:=5*S, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 := 63, S7×7:=147. S11×11 :=231, S15×15 :=315 and m:=42.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 := 72, S7×7:=168. S11×11 :=264, S15×15 :=360 and m:=48.

It is an algebraic flat-type magic square of order 15 composed of two equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×13 and two equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×9 embedded again with a flat-type magic square of order 11 and so on. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S7×7:=7*S/3, S11×11:=11*S/3 and S15×15:=5*S, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3 := 93, S7×7:=217. S11×11 :=341, S15×15 :=465 and m:=62.
In the second example the magic sums are S3×3 := 102, S7×7:=238. S11×11 :=374, S15×15 :=510 and m:=68.

It is an algebraic cornered striped magic square of order 15, where the magic squares of order 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 are at the upper-left corner. The magic squares of orders 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 are also algebraic cornered magic squares In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S5×5:=5*S/3, S7×7:=7*S/3, S9×9:=3*S, S11×11:=11*S/3, S13×13:=13*S/3 and S15×15:=5*S, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In the first example the magic sums are S3×3:=81, S5×5:= 135, S7×7:=189, S9×9:=243, S11×11:=297, S13×13:=351, S15×15:=405 and m:=54.
In the second exemplem the magic sums are S3×3:=90, S5×5:= 150, S7×7:=210, S9×9:=270, S11×11:=330, S13×13:=390, S15×15:=450 and m:=60.

Below are three types of algebraic striped magic squares of order 17.

It is an algebraic cyclic-type magic square of order 17 composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×15 embedded with a magic square of order 13. It is again composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×11 and so on having a magic square of order 5 in the middle. In this case the magic sums are S5×5:=S, S9×9:=3*S, S13×13:=13*S/3 and S17×17:=17*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 5. In this case, m:=2*S/5 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 5 should be multiple of 5. See below two examples:

In this example the magic sums are S5×5:=85, S9×9:=153, S13×13:=221, S17×17:=289 and m:=34.

In this example the magic sums are S5×5:=105, S9×9:=189, S13×13:=273, S17×17:=357 and m:=42.

It is an algebraic flat-type magic square of order 17 composed of two equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×17 and two equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×13 embedded again with a flat-type magic square of order 13. It is again a algebraic flat-type magic square of order 13 and so on having a magic square of order 5 in the middle. In this case the magic sums are S5×5:=S, S9×9:=3*S, S13×13:=13*S/3 and S17×17:=17*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 5. In this case, m:=2*S/5 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 5 should be multiple of 5. See below two examples:

In this example the magic sums are S5×5:=95, S9×9:=171, S13×13:=247, S17×17:=323 and m:=38.

In this example the magic sums are S5×5:=125, S9×9:=225, S13×13:=325, S17×17:=425 and m:=50.

It is an algebraic cornered striped magic square of order 17, where the magic squares of order 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 are at the upper-left corner. The magic squares of orders 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 are also algebraic cornered magic squares. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S5×5:=5*S/3, S7×7:=7*S/3, S9×9:=3*S, S11×11:=11*S/3, S13×13:=13*S/3, S15×15:=5*S and S17×17:=17*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=99, S5×5:= 165, S7×7:=231, S9×9:=297, S11×11:=363, S13×13:=429, S15×15:=495, S17×17:=561 and m:=78.

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=117, S5×5:= 195, S7×7:=273, S9×9:=351, S11×11:=429, S13×13:=507, S15×15:=585, S17×17:=663 and m:=66.

Below are three types of algebraic striped magic squares of order 19.

It is an algebraic cyclic-type magic square of order 19 composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×17 embedded with a magic square of order 15. It is again composed of four equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×13 and so on having a magic square of order 3 in the middle. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S7×7:=7*S/3, S11×11:=11*S/3, S15×15:=5*S and S19×19:=19*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=195, S7×7:=455, S11×11:=715, S15×15:=975, S19×19:=1235 and m:=130.

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=198, S7×7:=462, S11×11:=726, S15×15:=990, S19×19:=1254 and m:=132.

It is an algebraic flat-type magic square of order 19 composed of two equal sums magic rectangles of orders 2×19 and two equal sums magic rectangles of order 2×15 embedded again with a flat-type magic square of order 15 and so on. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S7×7:=7*S/3, S11×11:=11*S/3, S15×15:=5*S and S19×19:=19*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=123, S7×7:=287, S11×11:=451, S15×15:=615, S19×19:=779 and m:=82.

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=231, S7×7:=539, S11×11:=847, S15×15:=1155, S19×19:=1463 and m:=154.

It is an algebraic cornered striped magic square of order 19, where the magic squares of order 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 are at the upper-left corner. The magic squares of orders 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 are also algebraic cornered magic squares. In this case the magic sums are S3×3:=S, S5×5:=5*S/3, S7×7:=7*S/3, S9×9:=3*S, S11×11:=11*S/3, S13×13:=13*S/3, S15×15:=5*S, S17×17:=17*S/3 and S19×19:=19*S/3, where S is the magic sum of order 3. In this case, m:=2*S/3 is the width of magic rectangles. To avoid decimal entries the magic sums of order 3 should be multiple of 3. See below two examples:

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=147 S5×5:= 245, S7×7:=343, S9×9:=441, S11×11:=539, S13×13:=637, S15×15:=735, S17×17:=833, S19×19:=931 and m:=98.

In this example the magic sums are S3×3:=132, S5×5:= 220, S7×7:=308, S9×9:=396, S11×11:=484, S13×13:=572, S15×15:=660, S17×17:=748, S19×19:=836 and m:=88.

Part 2: Reduced Entries Agebraic Magic Squares

Part 3: Double-Digit Cyclic, Flat, Cornered and Striped Agebraic Magic Squares

Double-Digit Magic Squares

Cornered Magic Squares

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